Rapporti di scienza in Factorio: science pack, SPM e colli di bottiglia
I rapporti di scienza in Factorio ti aiutano a tradurre un obiettivo di ricerca in assemblatori, fusione, petrolio, circuiti, nastri ed energia. Usa questa pagina quando conosci il tuo obiettivo di science ma ti serve una struttura più chiara.
Ultimo aggiornamento: 23 maggio 2026. Pensato per Factorio 2.0 e Space Age.
Risposta rapida: cosa sono i rapporti di scienza in Factorio?
I rapporti di scienza sono le relazioni tra macchine e risorse necessarie per mantenere un obiettivo di science pack. In pratica la maggior parte dei giocatori pianifica per science al minuto e poi risale a input, macchine e trasporto.
- Usa i rapporti di scienza quando la vera domanda è come sostenere 60, 100, 250 o 1000 SPM.
- Il rapporto classico è solo un punto di partenza, perché moduli, livelli di assemblatore e logistica di Space Age cambiano i numeri esatti.
- Un piano science fallisce spesso perché petrolio, circuiti, fusione o throughput dei nastri restano indietro rispetto agli assemblatori visibili.
- Usa un calcolatore live quando il design include moduli, beacon, macchine miste o spedizioni interplanetarie.
Pianificare la science significa pianificare l’intera fabbrica
Un obiettivo di science sembra semplice sulla carta, ma ogni SPM in più moltiplica la domanda a monte. Una catena petrolifera troppo piccola, la mancanza di circuiti rossi o un nastro saturo possono bloccare tutto il flusso dei laboratori.
Parti da un obiettivo di science, non da un rapporto memorizzato
The right planning question is not only “what is the ratio,” but “what research speed do I want to sustain?” SPM is the cleaner decision point because it matches how players budget factory scale.
| Target | Typical Use | Planning Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 60 SPM | Comfortable main-base progression | Small enough for clean belt-based layouts and easy debugging. |
| 100-250 SPM | Structured mid/late-game scaling | Oil, circuits, rail supply and power become more visible constraints. |
| 500-1000 SPM | Large optimized base | Beaconing, train throughput, UPS and logistics design matter more than memorized ratios. |
| Planet-specific SPM | Space Age expansion planning | Local production and interplanetary shipping can be the real bottleneck. |
Riferimento rapido dei rapporti dei science pack
For the classic pre-Space-Age science set, a common synchronized assembler ratio is shown below. It is useful as a cheat sheet, but only when the underlying machine assumptions remain consistent.
| Science pack | Rapporto relativo | Primo collo di bottiglia tipico |
|---|---|---|
| Automation science | 5 | Usually easy; gears and copper are simple. |
| Logistic science | 6 | Inserters and belts raise early iron pressure. |
| Military science | 5 | Grenades, walls and piercing ammo can skew timing. |
| Chemical science | 12 | Oil processing and sulfur/plastic setup usually gate progress. |
| Production science | 7 | Rails, furnaces and productivity modules add bulk demand. |
| Utility science | 7 | Blue circuits, LDS and flying robot frames stress multiple systems at once. |
Recommended SPM Planning Workflow
Scegli un obiettivo SPM
Pick a clear target such as 60, 120 or 250 science per minute before placing machines.
Break science into upstream systems
Separate smelting, circuits, oil, low density structures, robot frames and modules so the real pressure points are visible.
Check machine counts and crafting speed
Assembler tier and module choice can change science output enough that a static table becomes inaccurate.
Check belts, pipes and trains
Many science designs fail because throughput and delivery lag behind the clean recipe math.
Recalculate after adding modules or Space Age systems
Productivity, beacons, quality and interplanetary shipping all change the effective science plan.
Dove le basi science si rompono più spesso
Oil underbuild
Chemical science, blue circuits and late-game packs often fail because refineries, cracking and petroleum support are too small.
Circuit shortages
Red and blue circuits become shared dependencies across multiple packs and infrastructure layers.
Transport saturation
A correct science ratio still fails when belts, trains, inserters or bots cannot sustain the item flow.
Power lag
Science expansions often look correct until modules, roboports and smelting push the grid into brownouts.
I rapporti science di Space Age richiedono più di una tabella fissa
Space Age changes science planning because the question is no longer only how many assemblers make each pack. Planet-specific recipes, logistics cadence, quality decisions and platform supply can all redefine the effective ratio.
| Space Age Factor | Why It Changes Science Math | Better Planning Habit |
|---|---|---|
| Planet-specific recipes | Each science chain may depend on a different production environment. | Solve the local chain first, then add transport. |
| Cargo rockets and platforms | Delivery timing can cap science before recipe output does. | Convert pack demand into shipment cadence. |
| Quality modules | Probability-based outputs shift machine requirements. | Plan quality goals separately from baseline science. |
| Power differences | Weak or unstable power can throttle a full science chain. | Check local power before scaling labs. |
Ti servono conteggi esatti delle macchine per la science?
Use the live Factorio calculator to translate SPM goals into assemblers, inputs, belts, modules and power requirements, then use this page to sanity-check the weak points.
FAQ sui rapporti di science in Factorio
What is the classic Factorio science ratio?
A common classic reference is 5:6:5:12:7:7 for automation, logistic, military, chemical, production and utility science. Treat it as a quick guide, not a universal exact build.
Should I plan science by ratios or by SPM?
Plan by SPM first. Ratios help explain relationships, but science per minute is the clearer build target for machines, transport and power.
Why does my science setup stall even when the ratio looks correct?
The usual causes are oil shortages, red or blue circuit bottlenecks, saturated belts, train delays, insufficient power or module changes that were not recalculated.
Do modules change science ratios in Factorio?
Yes. Productivity modules, speed modules and beacon effects change effective output and ingredient demand, so machine counts should be recalculated.
Does Space Age change science ratio planning?
Yes. Space Age adds planets, logistics cadence, quality systems and new dependencies, so a static science table becomes only a starting point.
Sources and Further Reading
These references help verify science pack data, recipe relationships and calculator behavior.